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PASSED
LIKE A SHADOW
AUTHOR: BERNARD MAPALALA
SETTING: WESTERN PART OF UGANDA
PUBLISHER: DAR-ES-SALAAM UNIVERSITY PRESS (DUP)
YEAR: 2006
CHARACTERS
Atwoki -
Son of Adyeri
Adyeri –
Father of Atwoki and Abooki
Vicky –
An orphan
Amoti –
Wife of Adyeri
Abooki –
Daughter of Adyeri and Atwoki is sister
Aluganyira
– Vicky’s husband
CHAPTER ONE
ADYERI:
Is an educated man who reached the level of being the head of the school.
Became famous one married with a good reputation in his society however later
he changed to be alcoholic, womanizer took his secretary (and squared)
-
Use the money to entertain Birungi (Secretary) Pickedwomen from bar and slept with them.
-
He
used to mistreat
his family after
being drunkard; hebeats
his wife and
uses a lot
of abusive language
“Have Married a Pig”. He also demanded a respect from his children while
he did not deserve, he demanded delicious food while he did not leave enough
money to buy such a delicious food for his family.
CHAPTER TWO
Vicky
Atwoki’s cousin brings a man called Akena Opoto from Pallisa who owns a garage
but coming from another tribe she wants to introduce him as her husband. “He is
the man who wants to marry me.”
The book
tried to reveal
the way Vicky
is treated in her
uncle’s family. She is chased away by her uncles and found nowhere to
go as a
result she made
a decision to
find a husband who would make her
life comfortable.
Her
mother dead before telling Vicky who is her father therefore Adyeri’s wife is
Lamenting to be given a burden i.e. Caring Vicky.
Akena is
rejected by Adyeri's wife that he is Munyamuhanga means a man from another
tribe she said (Amoti). A person from another tribe cannot marry Vicky
especially the tribe from north.
Adyeri is
against Amoti’s view, to Adyeri something important is dowries
and not anything
else “I don’t
care who married Vicky. Whether is a person or a con
or a donkey all I want is dowry.”
Adyeri
analyzing the dowries as he said is head cattle,
including 3
bulls, but marriage
negotiation fail dowry,
then Vicky is completely
disappointed and she
wishes in other were
alive because her
uncle’s wife is
no help but
she is jealous of her.
CHAPTER THREE
The
Author “reveals” to us the talent of Atwoki that when he is at primary school a
little Atwoki is very good at football, it is ambition is to be prominent
person as exemplified his argument
he has with
his age mate.
The behavior of his
father drinking much
is hurting him
when is mentioned
any other person.
The
Author reveals that Atwoki’s father is irresponsible person. This happened when Atwoki’s under pays visit
to Atwoki home and kind home has got no food.
Araali
(Atwoki’s uncle) is a best friend of children as always tries to show true love
to them “Uncle Araali drew out a box of biscuits to them.”
CHAPTER FOUR
“What are
you thinking Vicky?”
In this
chapter Vicky is persuaded by her friend “Tusiime and Kunihira to find herself
a man to look after her.
“Why
didn’t you run a way with the man”……… ……
Kunihira
is complaining that the parents they have considered marriage as a business. Since when one wants to marry, parents tend
to put some conditions that can hinder smooth running of marriage process…………
They demand a lot and put impossible condition”. Kunihira is also complaining that too much
demanding of this things have become the reason to why people get marriage
without official marriage.
The author
tries to show
that, friends or
peer group can change the behavior of a person example
because of some advice or influence given to Vicky by her friends she started
to use cosmetics, she also started to attend disco but all in all she did all
this so as to attract men
As a
result from started
to find Vicky
“Men started chasing her up the way flies chasing rotting
meat”
Vicky
behavior is completely changing as she is going with sugar daddy being some
money where sometimes she managed the budget and later Vick went for good with
a man from Kassese.
CHAPTER FIVE
Adyeri is
invited to Kanyamasika as the one of teachers started at that school the time
it was starting.
The song
that was sung
by pupils of
standard five touched Adyeri and gave a friction of his
whole life.
One of
the Adyeri’s life was that he was a drunkard person, a womanizer therefore
however he was employed still he had nothing, he lived in a poor life.
Example: A
part from Atwok’s
mother Adyeri had
another woman called Birungi
she was a
secretary when Adyeri the time when he was the head master at ST.
LUIS high school.
This made
Adyeri to acquire
a disease that
was called a (slim) AIDS as he was found asleep.
CHAPTER SIX
Atwoki
and Abooki are living with their mother at Katumba in a home built by Atwoki while
still a High School Student at St. Luis. Atwoki gets the money from rewards and
gifts given to him by the president following the classic goals he scored in
the Africa Cup of Nations. He was the
national team striker while a school boy. The two Atwoki and Abooki have
completed high school and they are at home.
Amoti informs
her children about
the news of
their father’s sickness back
at Kachwamba. The children have not been aware since there
has been no communication between them and their father, Adyeri for several
years. Though Adyeri know about his son’s fame as football star in Uganda, he
has sworn never to beg or ask for any financial assistance from him.
Amoti
informs the children about the broken relationship between Birungi and their
father. Atwoki feels
sorry for the father
especially on the
disease but the
mother claims that has been the right time for Adyeri. An
elderly woman comes to Amoti’s house to plead with her in order to have mercy
on the husband who in a pathetic sight back at Kachwamba. Amoti refuses
to heed this
request and instead
she advice the woman to go and
tell concubine Birungi that Amoti is very bitter with the husband such that she
not ready to forgive him.
Adyeri is
brought by a
group of people
to his children
and wife. He is very thin and
barely recognizable. In fact he is
stinking because of the sores all over his body. He is brought on a stretcher
to one of the rooms in their house. The people who bring him are football fans
who know Atwoki so well.
They have
found it wise to bring the dying father despite the poor family history. They
are sorry for those decisions to bring him
there as they
suspect it will
remind them the
family wounds. Atwoki accepts his
father back despite the strong objection from his mother, Amoti. All that the
children can do is weep uncontrollably what has be fallen their father. They
really pity him.
CHAPTER SEVEN
Atwoki
pays a visit to his friend, David, who lives in Kampala. While in Kampala
Atwoki is introduced to a girl called Edda whom they meet in a restaurant.
Everybody in the restaurant knows
Atwoki as a
football star nicknamed
“the foot portal Bullet,” while at the restaurant,
girls keep eying Atwoki. Some even sit directly opposite to him in a very
provocative careless posture. It is revealed in this chapter that by the time
Atwoki goes to
Kampala; he is
twenty two years
but has never slept with a girl
all his life. His sister Abooki has always warned him against girl even back at
portal frontal.
During
his stay in Kampala, Atwoki falls in love with Edda as a result of the peer
pressure and the environmental influence at David’s home. David’s father, being
rich and in the governmental influence at David’s with all the luxuries they
need. Despite the
information made available
it about AIDS over the
radio, TV, and
magazines, David’s father
never seems to care. He attends bar and picks girls together with his
son, David, who a university drop out. Atwoki is provided with a
room at David’s
home where he
sleeps with Edda during his stay in Kampala. David
assures him that the girl is healthy and free from AIDS judging from her
appearance. “Eventually the foot portal Bullet” falls a prey to girls.
CHAPTER EIGHT
Vicky and
her husband, Aluganyira, go to a witch doctor at night. Their aim of visiting
the witch doctor is to get a charm which makes them have a child. Aluganyira
had married twice and divorced before he married Vicky. His former wives have given
birth to two children each. They are now being taken care of by Vicky, as their
step mother.
Aluganyira
is a rich man and therefore, needs more children with Vicky. Vicky does not
welcome the idea of visiting witch doctors but the pressure and anxiety to have
a child makes her agree with the husband’s plan to make her to the witch
doctor. At the doctors place they find six people lying on the Floor. Two of
them are very thin and have rashes all over the bodies. At the corridor there
are five other customers, probably AIDS victims must have been among the witch
doctor patients.
The witch
doctor makes pricks on Vicky stomach and tattoos it. He
uses the same
knife on the
other patients who
are probably infected AIDS. Vicky fails to object to the situation
because she is desperately in need of a baby. Instead they receive something
else, AIDS from the infected knife of the witch doctor. Victims must have been
among the witch doctor.
CHAPTER NINE
Adyeri
passes away and people mourn him bitterly, especially his drinking mates. Everyone knows the causes of Adyeri
death. Judging from
his love for
ladies, they know
he has swell died
of AIDS (slim)
probably infected by
one of his concubines in the streets.
It
revealed that Adyeri’s wife, Amoti, is also sick and the only hope is in the
children. However, the Foot portal
Bullet is rumored to have changed and become a reputed womanizer in Kampala.
They say he has taken after his father and would probably die the same death
because AIDS never discriminates
people on the
basis of race,
age, wealth or education. The drunkards are wondering
where the disease come from such that they are afraid it will wipe the whole of
Uganda.
After his
father’s burial, Atwoki goes back to Kampala leaving behind his sick mother
under the care of Abooki. Atwoki
neglects his mother and sister, Abooki back at home without enough money
while the mother
is sick, Football
fans who are frequent Kampala
say, he is tied to a lady with whom he is
living. Despite his mother
lamentation, Atwoki does
not respond to the call of his sister. This makes their mother very
bitter and complains a lot.
Abooki
boards a bus to Kassese in order to see Vicky so that she (Vicky) may help in
the financial situation; she is shocked by the health of her cousin and the
husband. They are very thin, weak and they look old. Vicky confesses to her
cousin, Abooki that she is an AIDS victim, therefore she as no hopes of living
long. Vicky counsels
her cousin by
teaching her never to
step hunting money.
She says money will kill her. Then Vicky regrets for her past life.
Back at
their home, Abooki continues nursing her sick mother. A boy,
called John, from
a rich family
uses to visit them
frequently. The boy helps her so
much during her mother’s sickness. The boy having created trust in her invites
her to visits her to his home where he play a trick. John drops a Valium tablet
in her glass when Abooki goes for a short call. She drinks the contents in the
following days when she finds herself in John’s bed naked minus her virginity.
Abooki is so warned that he may be able to have inquired AIDS or unwanted
pregnancy with the loss of her virginity to the cruet, John.
CHAPTER TEN
Abooki blames
herself for honoring
the appointment to
visit John’s home she feels as if her life is over a as she is sure her
mother will die soon leaving her under no one’s care as Atwoki has seemingly
neglected them forever, Abooki becomes thin from the worries
about her health.
She has concurred to
have been a
victim of the
virus following what John did to her.
Abooki
goes for pure-blood test. She receives concerning by a councilor called
Jonathan before the test. Jonathan informs her
he ways through
with the virus
is spreads from
one person to another. After narrating her story to Jonathan, the test
is carried out in which both the HIV test and pregnant test results are
negative. Abooki is very
happy now that
she is lucky to have acquired
neither AIDS nor pregnancy.
Jonathan warns
her to be
extra careful now
that she has contracted no AIDS.
He says that the only hundred percent protections guaranteed from
acquiring the virus is abstinence for unmarried people mutual love and loyalty
among couples. After this exercise.
Atwoki arrive
home sick, just
after the burial
of his mother. The
foot portal bullet
has been completely
disfigured by irritating skin
burns and rashes
all over his
body. Atwoki acquired the disease
in Kampala together with his friend David who has been trying to spread it to
other girls. David’s father died earlier
and now it
is the mother
and house girl who are on their death bed.
Abooki
and Atwoki decide to visit their uncle Araali, who lived at Kitangwenda. They
board a bus and drop at Kitangwenda from
where Atwoki is
to be carried
on a bicycle
for 20 kilometer to
Thinga village, where
their uncle says,
uncle Araali welcomes them to his home where Atwoki decided to stay until
the time of
his death, since
he knows that
he will soon die
as their parents
and cousin died
of AIDS. Only Abooki is spared in Adyeri’s family.
ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL
1. FORM
TITLE
The title
Passed like a
Shadow is a
symbolic title of a
customer or experience of a family catastrophe, that attacked all the
members of her
Adyeri with HIV/AIDS
and left only Abooki as it passed her like a shadow
ever –since she was situated by the environment of acquiring the disease and
also by being deceived
by John who
got her in
bed unwillingly without using
protection.
Hence the
title Passed like a Shadow
fulfills the author’s intentions into sending his message
to the society or there is one to one
corresponding of other
title and content
of the book.
SETTING
The setting
of the book
is in Uganda
after independence during the end
of the Uganda and Tanzania war at the period of Iddi Amin rule in Uganda it was
during this period where a lot of Uganda citizen dead of HIV/AIDS, popularly
known as “SLIM” In the story “Passed like a Shadow” we see that the whole family
of Adyer’s vanished
off from the
earth except only one
number Abooki because
of poor precaution
on fighting against AIDS.
PLOT
The novel
has a straight forward narration as it is straight by portraying Atwoki
and Abooki as the main
character their relation to the
family and the society at large. The first to forth chapters are
narrating about Adyeri
aggressive treatment towards his
family as it is seen how he usually drink and end up beating his family as it
seen how he usually drink and end up beating his family until his children and
wife decided to run away from him.
Chapter
6-8 narrate about Atwoki’s success as they explain how he become a Uganda
football star and how he managed to
build the house
from his mother
and sister and
lastly people bring their father to their cowries house as a victim of
HIV / AIDS to die in their arms. Atwoki doesn’t learn from his daddy as he was
old womanizer when he went to Kampala. To conclude they said, death finally
catcher up with him and let the HIV/AIDS passed Abooki (his sister) like a
shadow.
CHARACTERIZATION AND
CHARACTERS
ADYERI
Adyeri is
the father of Atwoki and Abooki. He was the former headmaster of St. Luis High
school. He becomes a hopeless drunkard and womanizer after losing his job. He is a very irresponsible father and husband
as provided by his failure to provide for the family. He resorts to beating his wife and children
on any slight provocation, Causing fear and frustration to the family. He later becomes a victim of the AIDS
pandemic in a lonely home when the wife and children cluster him. His concubine
also throws him out after establishing that he is a victim of HIV/ AIDS. He drinks
and smokes heavily. Adyeri dies very
miserably of the disease after suffering for a long time. He is a greedy man as
portrayed on the bride price on Vicky’s marriage.
AMOTI
Is the
wife of Adyeri and the mother of Atwoki and Abooki
-
She is hot tempered
-
She is portrayed as a jealous woman from
the way we seeher refusing Vicky’s man who is from another tribe
-
She plays the rule of a caring mother
-
She dies of the AIDS pandemic
-
She is superstition and Ignorant. She
always think of disease to be the result of witchcraft but not finesses
ATWOKI
-
Is the son of Adyeri
-
He suffers from poor upbringing by his
father
-
He later become a famous football nick
name “Foot portalbullet”
-
He build house for his mother who has been
separated fromher father.
-
He falls in love with a girl in Kampala
despite his awarenessof AIDS.
ABOOKI
-
Is Adyeri daughter
-
Is a decent and disciplined girl
-
She take care of her sick mother ,father
and brother
VICKY
-
Adyeri niece and cousin of Atwoki and
Abooki
-
She is a victim of poor upbringing as seen
by her mistreatment by her uncle and his wife.
-
She goes into exile where she meets Akena
but he frustrates her intention to marry him.
-
She resorts to sell her body after that.
-
Vicky
seems to be
aware of the
diseases and its
Causesunlike her husband Aluganyira.
BIRUNGI
-
Is Adyeri’s concubine who lives at
Burungu- Is a prostitute and crud exploiter of man?
-
She chases Adyeri away with the police
when he needed how most.
-
Adyeri’s former secretary when he was
headmaster- She is Ignorant of the disease called slim.
DAVID
-
Is the son of a rich and important man in
Kampala
-
He is Atwoki’s friend and a university
reject
-
He is a womanizer who influences Atwoki to
start hunting forwoman.
-
He becomes a victim of AIDS pandemic
disease- His father died of AIDS having infected his moth
EDDA
-
Is a prostitute who hunts for men in town,
she traps Atwoki
-
She is cheap going as seen by how she
kisses and hugs
Atwoki
JOHN
-
Is a boy from a rich family
-
He is merciless and exploitation
-
He misuses Abooki to his pleasure
ALUGANYIRA
-
Vicky’s husband, rich and ignorant
exploiter
-
he exploits women
-
He is superstitious because he lives in
charms and the power of which doctor.
TUSIIME AND KUNIHIRA
-
These are Vicky’s female friends
-
They sell their bodies and exploit men
-
They convince Vicky to be engaged in
prostitution
-
They are ignorant of the disease “slim”
UNCLE ARAALI
-
Uncle Araali is the brother of Adyeri who
lives Ilunga villageat Kitangwenda.
-
He
supports the family
of his brother
as seen by
payingschool fees
-
He is a kind and loving man
-
He welcomes Atwoki and Abooki when the
farmer is sick
STYLE
It is a
technique or uniqueness of the writer’s say of writing a work of art. In “Passed like a shadow” the author used a
creative technique as he used a simple language with the use of familiar
language devices as he used the following in his form of language.
Hyperbole - Exaggeration beyond the Truth
1. Abook was
in a nightmare : To mean she was in a deepthought (page 2)
2. Daddy gave
him a classic
slap to mean
a heavy slap (page 3)
3. Amoti’s
eyes nearly popped out: To mean the high
surprising state, Amoti was in at the moment (p.9)
4. She told
him breathlessly to
show how exciting
Abookiwas (p.4)
5. The
catastrophic that had been him to mean hard time(P.25)
Similes
The
situation where by a comparison of two unlike things is made using words like,
as or like.
1. She
walked to wards him or fearless as a lioness (p.3)
2. He was
humble as a dove (p.8)
3. His face
was us him as a child(p.21)
4. She was a
hard working as a donkey (P.14)
Sayings
Are popular
says made by the notion
of people which
are mostly conclude as the truth. 1. Life is not easily (p.9)
2. I have
hit the jack pot (p.9)
3. Men are
like a buses (p.6)
4. Like
father like son (p.39)
5. East or
west home is best (p. 19)
Personification
A metaphorical
representation of an
animal or inanimate object as having human attributes,
attributes of form character
feelings, behavior, and
son as on. As
the name implies a thing or ideas is treated as a person.
1. His eyes
near heart (p.28)
2. Amoti’s
eye nearly popped out (p.9)
Idiom
Amoti
don’t have a hard heart.(P.28)
Imagery
It is an
act of an author to create an imaginative picture in the mind of a reader.
Examples:
The birds
were really a wonderful sight (Pg 49)
Due to
her well-shaped figure(Pg 19)
With
electricity speed (Pg 26)
Symbols
Is the
use of words in such a way that one thing stands for
Something
else. For example, the cross stands for
Christianity. In this novel, the following symbols have
been used.
1. A big
fish - means a rich man(pg 19)
2. Slim -
HIV/AIDS.
3. I regret
to have married a pig -Unsuccessful man
4. He is so
green - Outdated people.
Code
Switching. Chill -
poor me (pg
2) Munyamahanga Down
and foreign can
outcast who doesn't
belong to the tribe of Batooro (pg 6) Juju - Magic
power(Pg 37)
2. CONTENT
THEMES
1. Aids Pandemic (Slim)
The main
theme is passed like a shadow is the AIDS
pandemic which
has invaded the
setting of the
story in western Uganda. The
disease, which is referred to as a slim, is wiping the population.
Indiscriminately, the writes has revealed some of the practices and beliefs
that speed up the spread of the disease among the people.
The
generation is dying miserably of the disease before the right age. The title of
the novel PASSED LIKE A SHADOW reflects on how the young and energetic men and
women perish from AIDS (slim). Their life span lasts as short as that of a
shadow. Man power and talents are worded
by the disease. Before the talents are utilized fully, the people pass away
like shadows.
Aids
Pandemic (Slim)
2. Position of Woman
This is
the role of woman in the family.A woman is portrayed as a tool of pleasure for
men. This is when David and his father
pick different girls from the bar and restaurants because they think women are
instrument of pleasure.
Aliganyira divorces
two women after
having children with them
and marries Vicky
as the third
wife. A woman is
also portrayed as weak and cannot be involved in decision making .For
example Aliganyira forces
Vicky to visit
witch doctor who could give them a charm forgetting children. Also
the woman takes
care of the
home and give
birth to the children.
3. The Influence of Power
The
position that we hold in the society plays a very big role in the exposure to
AIDS infections. The rich business people like Aliganyira and David's father
use their position to influence young little
girls into their
trays using money
and power.Atwoki falls a prey to the trap of Edda ,and the other girls
in Kampala because he is a football star and famous.
4. Influence of Parents and
Their Children
a)
The jealous of Amoti influences Vicky's
life style.Amoti hasalways been jealous of anything that concern
Vicky,especially
of the man who wanted to marry her.
b)
Atwoki falls a victim to David’s influence
because of the poor life in their family.
c)
David is exposed to infection because of
very free, leisureand fair environment in their family.The tendency of David's
father to pick
girls and shares
drinks with his
son in the bar.This influences David so much.
d)
The negligence and greed of Adyeri,
Atwoki’s father exposes Vicky to infection.
5. Peer Pressure and
Influence
This is
the influence of age mates, friends and colleagues in making decisions. In the novel, the following people fall
victims of peer pressure and influence. The pressure from relatives and her
husband expose Vicky to further infection when she accepts the services from
witch doctor so that she can have children. The witch doctor use the same knife
he used to other
patients who are
probably victims of
slim. Atwoki is influenced by his friend David who used to take him to
girls and even finances their cost. This lead him to become an HIV victim. Vicky is also influenced with her friends
Tusiime and Kunihira .She sell her body so that she can take care of herself.
6. Ignorance and Superstition
Ignorance is
situation in which
people are unaware
of the vital information
within their society.
Most of people in the story are ignorant because they cannot tell the
truth about AIDS- people are not aware of the disease. Vicky's husband takes
her to witchdoctor so that they could have a child. In process, she got
infection of slim. Amoti associates her husband’s
sickness to witchcraft. She thinks that
Birungi bewitches her husband, Adyeri. The victims of slim are taken to
witchdoctors with the belief that they are victims of bewitching and evil
spirits.
7. Family Conflicts
These are
the misunderstanding within the family which lead to instability of the
family.These conflicts play a big roles in the spread of AIDS (Slim) 1.Conflict
lead Atwoki falls victim of the
disease. 2.Amoki separates
from her husband
3.Vicky get into prostitution
when her uncle
chases her from
the house and also later refuses her fiance.
8. Promiscuity and
Infidelity/Prostitution
This is a
situation of someone having many sexual partners who are not married legally to
him/her. Adyeri is promiscuous because he has a lover called Birungi, besides
his wife. Apart from that he also has other lovers in the streets. Vicky had
several men before she married Aliganyira.
David and his father are promiscuous because they are pick girls from
the streets.
MASSAGE.
Is a
lesson we get after reading a work of art. In passed like a shadow is mostly
concerned with the HIV/AIDS pandemic where
we see people
are negligent and
ignorant of the disease as they practice promiscuity and
infidelity/prostitution without precaution on protecting their health as a
result they acquire the HIV virus
CONFLICT
This is
misunderstanding between a person and himself or a person and
a group of people or
a group of
people and a certain group of people. In this book the
conflicts are divided into two parts.
1.
Personal
Conflicts.
Vicky going to the witch doctor unwilling since it as an order from her husband
(pg 37) Amoti did not know what to do when he was brought to their home without
her concent (pg 29)
2.
Interpersonal
conflicts.
Vicky with her aunt because she always felt jealous of any success of hers (p
7) Vicky's uncle with Vicky's fiance(P 11) Atwoki and his age mates about his
dreams.
Philosophy of the Writer
Philosophy
of the writer is that HIV/AIDS is spread to people because of the ignorance and
negligence of the people. Also the main cause of spreading HIV/AIDS is the
sexual intercourse between two partners having unprotected sex.
Relevance
of the Book. This book is relevant to the society as it
brings a teaching
message to the
society of Uganda, Africa and
the world wide
which encounter the
HIV/AIDS pandemic. It criticizing the society's way of life with its act
of prostitution and infidelity
at the same
time it educates
the society and lastly entertain the society by different songs in the
book so as to bring up awareness.
QUESTIONS
1.
Explain how the Author of the book have
used characters to bring massage to the society
2.
Parents are the agents to shape their
children by using their parents are either good or bad.
1) Solution Qn. 1
Character is
the agent which
carries the message
to the society. In the novels
passed like a shadow which written by BERNARD
MAPALALA and wreath
for father Mayer
which written by S.N. NDUNGURU the author of this book are try to use
characters to bring message to the society.
The
following are the characters from the book Passed like a Shadow which used to
bring message to the society:
Adyeri is the
head of the family not only but also is the head master of St. Luis high school. He becomes a hopeless drunkard and womanizer
after losing his job so the message which brings from these characters to the
society is irresponsibility. Irresponsibility shown by Adyeri who failed to
provide for the family basic needs. As the book says “uncle pays visit. Atwoki’s
home and find the home had gated no
Aluganyira is rich
person, exploiter and Vicky's husband also he is superstitious because he
believes in the power of witch doctor.
The message which
we get from
this character is local
beliefs. Local beliefs are the
beliefs of existence of goods and the activities that are concerned with their
being the worshiped. Shown when
Aluganyira takes his
wife to witch doctor
in order to
get child. As the book says “The witch doctor make
prinks on Vicky stomach and tattoo’s it”
Abooki’s is
Adyeri’s and Amoti’s daughter she is a kindness person is the message which we
get from her.
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